aak-1;aak-2;frh-1

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Genetic mutants with aak-1, aak-2, frh-1 alterations

Names of genes are ordered alphabetically. For the order of interventions, please see the specific paper.

Temperature °C
20
Diet
NGM
Lifespan (days)
17.9
Lifespan change (compared to wild type)
4.07%
Lifespan comparisons
Triple mutant aak-1(tm1994);aak-2(ok524);frh-1(RNAi) has a lifespan of 17.9 days, while single mutant frh-1(RNAi) has a lifespan of 20.6 days, double mutant aak-1(tm1994);aak-2(ok524) has a lifespan of 14.6 days and wild type has a lifespan of 17.2 days.
Type of interaction
See methods
Contains dependence
Citation
View abstract
Schiavi A et al., 2013, Autophagy induction extends lifespan and reduces lipid content in response to frataxin silencing in C. elegans. Exp Gerontol. 48(2):191-201 23247094 Click here to select all mutants from this PubMed ID in the graph
Abstract
Severe mitochondria deficiency leads to a number of devastating degenerative disorders, yet, mild mitochondrial dysfunction in different species, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, can have pro-longevity effects. This apparent paradox indicates that cellular adaptation to partial mitochondrial stress can induce beneficial responses, but how this is achieved is largely unknown. Complete absence of frataxin, the mitochondrial protein defective in patients with Friedreich's ataxia, is lethal in C. elegans, while its partial deficiency extends animal lifespan in a p53 dependent manner. In this paper we provide further insight into frataxin control of C. elegans longevity by showing that a substantial reduction of frataxin protein expression is required to extend lifespan, affect sensory neurons functionality, remodel lipid metabolism and trigger autophagy. We find that Beclin and p53 genes are required to induce autophagy and concurrently reduce lipid storages and extend animal lifespan in response to frataxin suppression. Reciprocally, frataxin expression modulates autophagy in the absence of p53. Human Friedreich ataxia-derived lymphoblasts also display increased autophagy, indicating an evolutionarily conserved response to reduced frataxin expression. In sum, we demonstrate a causal connection between induction of autophagy and lifespan extension following reduced frataxin expression, thus providing the rationale for investigating autophagy in the pathogenesis and treatment of Friedreich's ataxia and possibly other human mitochondria-associated disorders.

Search genes: aak-1 aak-2 frh-1 aak-1;aak-2;frh-1

Entrez ID
Symbol
GenAge
Wormbase ID

176230
aak-1
View on GenAge (aak-1)
WBGene00019801

5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1

Locus: CELE_PAR2.3

Wormbase description: aak-1 encodes one of two C. elegans homologs of the catalytic alpha subunit of AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPKs); aak-1 activity is required, in parallel with aak-2 and downstream of daf-2, daf-7, and par-4, for negative regulation of germline proliferation during dauer development.

Entrez ID
Symbol
GenAge
Wormbase ID

181727
aak-2
View on GenAge (aak-2)
WBGene00020142

5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2

Locus: CELE_T01C8.1

Wormbase description: aak-2 encodes one of two C. elegans homologs of the catalytic alpha subunit of AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPKs); in C. elegans, aak-2 functions downstream of environmental stressors, energy level signals (AMP:ATP ratio), and daf-2-mediated insulin signaling to positively regulate adult lifespan; in regulating lifespan, aak-2 likely acts in parallel with daf-16/FOXO; aak-2 activity is also required for dauer formation in daf-2 mutant animals at high temperature in a manner independent of the AMP:ATP ratio; in the germline, aak-2 functions downstream of daf-2 and daf-7, and in parallel to par-4 and aak-1, to negatively regulate germline proliferation during dauer development; in vitro, AAK-2 exhibits AMP-enhanced kinase activity against a known AMPK substrate, the SAMS peptide.

Entrez ID
Symbol
GenAge
Wormbase ID

174002
frh-1
View on GenAge (frh-1)
WBGene00001486

Frataxin, mitochondrial

Locus: CELE_F59G1.7

Wormbase description: frh-1 encodes the C. elegans frataxin ortholog; by homology, FRH-1 is predicted to be a mitochondrial protein required for biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters, co-factors necessary for proper function of electron transport chain proteins; in C. elegans, loss of frh-1 activity via RNAi results in small body size, pale coloration, reduced motility, decreased pharyngeal pumping and defecation, reduced egg-laying and fertility, hypersensitivity to oxidative stress, and altered adult lifespan; an frh-1::gfp promoter fusion is expressed in neurons, the pharynx, gut, spermatheca and body wall muscle; in the pharynx, FRH-1 localizes to the mitochondria.

Orthologs of aak-1;aak-2;frh-1 in SynergyAge

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Species	Gene

Not in SynergyAge
Species	Gene
Mus musculus	Prkaa1;Fxn
Mus musculus	Prkaa2;Fxn

Orthologs of aak-1 in SynergyAge

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Species	Gene

Orthologs of aak-2 in SynergyAge

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Species	Gene

Not in SynergyAge
Species	Gene
Drosophila melanogaster	AMPKalpha
Mus musculus	Prkaa1
Mus musculus	Prkaa2

Orthologs of frh-1 in SynergyAge

Show in SynergyAge
Species	Gene

Not in SynergyAge
Species	Gene
Drosophila melanogaster	fh
Mus musculus	Fxn