daf-2;lin-14

Insulin-like receptor subunit beta;Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase;hypothetical protein

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Locus: CELE_Y55D5A.5

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Wormbase description: daf-2 encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that is the C. elegans insulin/IGF receptor ortholog; DAF-2 activity is required for a number of processes in C. elegans, including embryonic and larval development, formation of the developmentally arrested dauer larval stage (diapause), larval developmental timing, adult longevity, reproduction, fat storage, salt chemotaxis learning, and stress resistance, including response to high temperature, oxidative stress, and bacterial infection; DAF-2 signals through a conserved PI 3-kinase pathway to negatively regulate the activity of DAF-16, a Forkhead-related transcription factor, by inducing its phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion; in addition, DAF-2 negatively regulates the nuclear localization, and hence transcriptional activity, of SKN-1 in intestinal nuclei; amongst the 38 predicted insulin-like molecules in C. elegans, genetic and microarray analyses suggest that at least DAF-28, INS-1, and INS-7 are likely DAF-2 ligands; genetic mosaic and tissue-specific promoter studies indicate that daf-2 can function cell nonautonomously and within multiple cell types to influence dauer formation and adult lifespan, likely by regulating the production of secondary endocrine signals that coordinate growth and longevity throughout the animal; temporal analysis of daf-2 function indicates that daf-2 regulates lifespan, reproduction, and diapause independently, at distinct times during the animal's life cycle.

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Protein lin-14

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Locus: CELE_T25C12.1

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Wormbase description: lin-14 encodes a novel protein whose activity is required for specifying the division timings of a specific group of cells during postembryonic development; lin-14 loss-of-function mutations result in the premature appearance of later larval lineages, while gain-of-function mutations result in reiteration of L1 larval stages lineages; in addition, lin-14 acts as a positive regulator of AVM, PVM, and FLP touch cell development; in regulating developmental timing, lin-14 acts, in part, by positively regulating the activity of lin-28, which encodes a cytoplasmic protein also required for proper developmental timing; at hatching, LIN-14 is detected in the nuclei of blast cells and neurons; later, from the late L1 to adult stages, LIN-14 levels are negatively regulated by translational repression mediated by lin-4, a 22-nt small temporal RNA (stRNA) that is complementary to sequences in the lin-14 3' UTR.

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