daf-2;gcy-35;npr-1

Insulin-like receptor subunit beta;Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase;hypothetical protein

Locus: CELE_Y55D5A.5

Wormbase description: daf-2 encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that is the C. elegans insulin/IGF receptor ortholog; DAF-2 activity is required for a number of processes in C. elegans, including embryonic and larval development, formation of the developmentally arrested dauer larval stage (diapause), larval developmental timing, adult longevity, reproduction, fat storage, salt chemotaxis learning, and stress resistance, including response to high temperature, oxidative stress, and bacterial infection; DAF-2 signals through a conserved PI 3-kinase pathway to negatively regulate the activity of DAF-16, a Forkhead-related transcription factor, by inducing its phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion; in addition, DAF-2 negatively regulates the nuclear localization, and hence transcriptional activity, of SKN-1 in intestinal nuclei; amongst the 38 predicted insulin-like molecules in C. elegans, genetic and microarray analyses suggest that at least DAF-28, INS-1, and INS-7 are likely DAF-2 ligands; genetic mosaic and tissue-specific promoter studies indicate that daf-2 can function cell nonautonomously and within multiple cell types to influence dauer formation and adult lifespan, likely by regulating the production of secondary endocrine signals that coordinate growth and longevity throughout the animal; temporal analysis of daf-2 function indicates that daf-2 regulates lifespan, reproduction, and diapause independently, at distinct times during the animal's life cycle.

Guanylyl CYclase;Soluble guanylate cyclase gcy-35

Locus: CELE_T04D3.4

Wormbase description: gcy-35 encodes a soluble guanylyl cyclase; GCY-35 activity is required for regulation of aggregation, aerotaxis, aerokinesis, gustatory plasticity, and innate immunity; GCY-35 activity is also required in the URX sensory neurons to sense increases in O2 levels and effect corresponding behavioral changes; gcy-35::gfp reporter fusions are expressed in a number of neurons, including the AQR, PQR, and URX sensory neurons, the SDQL/R and BDU interneurons, the AVM and PVM mechanosensory neurons, the cholinergic ALN and PLN neurons, the excretory cell, and in pharyngeal and body wall muscles; gcy-35 expression in the URX neuron is positively regulated by the AHR-1 transcription complex; the heme-binding domain of GCY-35 binds molecular oxygen as well as NO and CO.

NeuroPeptide Receptor family

Locus: CELE_C39E6.6

Wormbase description: npr-1 encodes a predicted G protein-coupled neuropeptide receptor that is homologous to the mammalian neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor (OMIM:162641) required for regulating anxiety, food consumption, and pain sensation; in C. elegans, NPR-1 is involved in ethological variations of social behavior such as social versus solitary feeding; in regulating social behavior, NPR-1 functions as a receptor for the FLP-18 and FLP-21 peptide ligands; NPR-1 also affects some aspect of UNC-6/netrin-mediated branching of motor neurons, as strong npr-1 mutations can suppress abnormal migration of ventral nerve cord neurons induced by overexpression of UNC-6 lacking domain C; NPR-1 is expressed predominantly in the nervous system, and particularly in the AQR, PQR, and URX neurons that are exposed to the body fluid.