daf-2;ire-1;xbp-1

Insulin-like receptor subunit beta;Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase;hypothetical protein

Locus: CELE_Y55D5A.5

Wormbase description: daf-2 encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that is the C. elegans insulin/IGF receptor ortholog; DAF-2 activity is required for a number of processes in C. elegans, including embryonic and larval development, formation of the developmentally arrested dauer larval stage (diapause), larval developmental timing, adult longevity, reproduction, fat storage, salt chemotaxis learning, and stress resistance, including response to high temperature, oxidative stress, and bacterial infection; DAF-2 signals through a conserved PI 3-kinase pathway to negatively regulate the activity of DAF-16, a Forkhead-related transcription factor, by inducing its phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion; in addition, DAF-2 negatively regulates the nuclear localization, and hence transcriptional activity, of SKN-1 in intestinal nuclei; amongst the 38 predicted insulin-like molecules in C. elegans, genetic and microarray analyses suggest that at least DAF-28, INS-1, and INS-7 are likely DAF-2 ligands; genetic mosaic and tissue-specific promoter studies indicate that daf-2 can function cell nonautonomously and within multiple cell types to influence dauer formation and adult lifespan, likely by regulating the production of secondary endocrine signals that coordinate growth and longevity throughout the animal; temporal analysis of daf-2 function indicates that daf-2 regulates lifespan, reproduction, and diapause independently, at distinct times during the animal's life cycle.

IRE1 kinase related;Serine/threonine-protein kinase

Locus: CELE_C41C4.4

Wormbase description: ire-1 encodes a transmembrane serine/threonine protein kinase and site-specific endoribonuclease orthologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae inositol-requiring 1 protein kinase (Ire1) and human endoplasmic reticulum-to-nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1, OMIM:604033); IRE-1 is required for the unfolded protein response (UPR) that counteracts cellular stress induced by accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); in response to ER stress, IRE-1 cleaves xbp-1 mRNA to produce transcriptionally active XBP-1 that positively regulates UPR gene expression in order to maintain ER homeostasis.

X-box Binding Protein homolog

Locus: CELE_R74.3

Wormbase description: xbp-1 encodes a bZIP transcription factor orthologous to yeast Hac1 and mammalian X box-binding protein 1 (XBP-1, OMIM:194355); XBP-1 is required for the unfolded protein response (UPR) that counteracts cellular stress induced by accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); xbp-1 mRNA is spliced by the IRE-1 endoribonuclease to promote translation of transcriptionally active XBP-1 that positively regulates UPR gene expression to maintain ER homeostasis and promote normal development; loss of xbp-1 activity also results in near-complete loss of myo-2 pharnygeal myosin expression, although pharyngeal muscle is still present.