age-1;daf-16;sqt-1

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase age-1;hypothetical protein

Locus: CELE_B0334.8

Wormbase description: age-1 encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p110 catalytic subunit; AGE-1, supplied maternally and embryonically, is a central component of the C. elegans insulin-like signaling pathway, lying downstream of the DAF-2/insulin receptor and upstream of both the PDK-1 and AKT-1/AKT-2 kinases and the DAF-16 forkhead type transcription factor, whose negative regulation is the key output of the insulin signaling pathway; in accordance with its role in insulin signaling, AGE-1 activity is required for regulation of metabolism, life span, dauer formation, stress resistance, salt chemotaxis learning, fertility, and embryonic development; although the age-1 expression pattern has not yet been reported, ectopic expression studies indicate that pan-neuronal age-1 expression is sufficient to rescue life-span defects, while neuronal, intestinal, or muscle expression can partially rescue dauer formation, and neuronal or muscle expression can rescue metabolic defects.

Forkhead box protein O;hypothetical protein

Locus: CELE_R13H8.1

Wormbase description: daf-16 encodes the sole C. elegans forkhead box O (FOXO) homologue; DAF-16 functions as a transcription factor that acts in the insulin/IGF-1-mediated signaling (IIS) pathway that regulates dauer formation, longevity, fat metabolism, stress response, and innate immunity; DAF-16 regulates these various processes through isoform-specific expression, isoform-specific regulation by different AKT kinases, and differential regulation of target genes; DAF-16 can interact with the CBP-1 transcription cofactor in vitro, and interacts genetically with other genes in the insulin signaling and with daf-12, which encodes a nuclear hormone receptor; DAF-16 is activated in response to DNA damage during development and co-regulated by EGL-27, alleviates DNA-damage-induced developmental arrest by inducing DAF-16-associated element (DAE)-regulated genes; DAF-16 is broadly expressed but displays isoform-specific tissue enrichment; DAF-16 localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, with the ratio between the two an important regulator of function.

Cuticle collagen sqt-1

Locus: CELE_B0491.2

Wormbase description: sqt-1 encodes a cuticle collagen; during larval and adult development, sqt-1 activity is required, likely redundantly, for normal cuticle, and hence organismal, morphology; sqt-1 mRNA abundance oscillates during larval development, peaking at one point during each larval stage and peaking again in adults; sqt-1 transcripts are also detected in animals at the L1-L2d molt; in the temporally distinct waves of collagen gene expression that occur during larval development, sqt-1 mRNA appears to be synthesized during the second, or intermediate, stage, just very slightly earlier than sqt-3/col-1 and dpy-13; SQT-1 protein is detected in cuticle extracts from L2, L3, and L4 larvae, and from adults, but is not detected in extracts from L1 or dauer larvae; sqt-1 interacts genetically with a number of genes also required for normal cuticle and organismal morphology, e.g., rol-6 and lon-3, which also encode cuticular collagens.