daf-2;mpk-1

Insulin-like receptor subunit beta;Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase;hypothetical protein

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Locus: CELE_Y55D5A.5

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Wormbase description: daf-2 encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that is the C. elegans insulin/IGF receptor ortholog; DAF-2 activity is required for a number of processes in C. elegans, including embryonic and larval development, formation of the developmentally arrested dauer larval stage (diapause), larval developmental timing, adult longevity, reproduction, fat storage, salt chemotaxis learning, and stress resistance, including response to high temperature, oxidative stress, and bacterial infection; DAF-2 signals through a conserved PI 3-kinase pathway to negatively regulate the activity of DAF-16, a Forkhead-related transcription factor, by inducing its phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion; in addition, DAF-2 negatively regulates the nuclear localization, and hence transcriptional activity, of SKN-1 in intestinal nuclei; amongst the 38 predicted insulin-like molecules in C. elegans, genetic and microarray analyses suggest that at least DAF-28, INS-1, and INS-7 are likely DAF-2 ligands; genetic mosaic and tissue-specific promoter studies indicate that daf-2 can function cell nonautonomously and within multiple cell types to influence dauer formation and adult lifespan, likely by regulating the production of secondary endocrine signals that coordinate growth and longevity throughout the animal; temporal analysis of daf-2 function indicates that daf-2 regulates lifespan, reproduction, and diapause independently, at distinct times during the animal's life cycle.

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase mpk-1

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Locus: CELE_F43C1.2

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Wormbase description: mpk-1 encodes a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase an ERK ortholog functioning in vulval cell fate specification, cell migration/guidance, defense against bacterial infection, and other processes; in proximal germline, sperm-dependent physiological MPK-1 activation results in phosphorylation based inactivation of NOS-3, FEM-CUL-2-mediated degradation of TRA-1 and the promotion of membrane organization during oogenesis; mpk-1 affect LET-60(Ras)-mediated induction of vulval cell fates, larval viability, morphology of the male spicules; both LIN-1 and LIN-31 act genetically downstream of mpk-1 with respect to vulval induction; MPK-1 is necessary for pachytene cell organization; mpk-1 mutants display germ cells arrested in pachytene; MPK-1 is necessary for the progression from distal to proximal pachytene; MPK-1 promotes pachytene progression, with the rise in dpMPK-1 triggering a transition from a distal pachytene to a proximal pachytene subtype; MPK-1 functions in the germline for meiotic prophase progression and gametogenesis; MPK-1 ERK signaling is necessary for the male germ cell fate; MPK-1 ERK has the nonessential function of promoting the proliferative germ cell fate; mpk-1 acts in combination with mek-2 to permit germ cell exit from the pachytene stage of first meiotic prophase; MPK-1 activation is temporally/spatially dynamic compared to relatively constant levels of total MPK-1.

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