daf-2;top-1

Insulin-like receptor subunit beta;Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase;hypothetical protein

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Locus: CELE_Y55D5A.5

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Wormbase description: daf-2 encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that is the C. elegans insulin/IGF receptor ortholog; DAF-2 activity is required for a number of processes in C. elegans, including embryonic and larval development, formation of the developmentally arrested dauer larval stage (diapause), larval developmental timing, adult longevity, reproduction, fat storage, salt chemotaxis learning, and stress resistance, including response to high temperature, oxidative stress, and bacterial infection; DAF-2 signals through a conserved PI 3-kinase pathway to negatively regulate the activity of DAF-16, a Forkhead-related transcription factor, by inducing its phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion; in addition, DAF-2 negatively regulates the nuclear localization, and hence transcriptional activity, of SKN-1 in intestinal nuclei; amongst the 38 predicted insulin-like molecules in C. elegans, genetic and microarray analyses suggest that at least DAF-28, INS-1, and INS-7 are likely DAF-2 ligands; genetic mosaic and tissue-specific promoter studies indicate that daf-2 can function cell nonautonomously and within multiple cell types to influence dauer formation and adult lifespan, likely by regulating the production of secondary endocrine signals that coordinate growth and longevity throughout the animal; temporal analysis of daf-2 function indicates that daf-2 regulates lifespan, reproduction, and diapause independently, at distinct times during the animal's life cycle.

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DNA topoisomerase 1

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Locus: CELE_M01E5.5

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Wormbase description: top-1 encodes the C. elegans DNA topoisomerase I ortholog; TOP-1 exhibits DNA topoisomerase I activity in vitro and in vivo, this activity is required for normal gonad, germline, and embryonic development; top-1 mRNA is expressed throughout the gonad and during early embryogenesis, with mRNA levels nearly gone by hatching; TOP-1 protein levels are highest in embryos and L1 larvae, decrease by the L3 larval stage and then increase again during L4 and adult stages; in meiotic cells, oocytes, and early embryos, TOP-1 localizes to nuclei, while in later embryos TOP-1 is found in gut nucleoli; during cell division of 1-, 2-, and 4-cell embryos, TOP-1 also localizes to centrosomes.

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