arx-4;daf-2

Probable actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2

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Locus: CELE_Y6D11A.2

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Wormbase description: arx-4 also called as p34Arc encodes a subunit of the actin related protein of the conserved Arp2/3 complex, with 60% amino acid similarity with the homologous genes from human (OMIM: 604224); arx-4 is an essential gene as disruption in the expression by RNAi results in embryonic arrest due to ventral enclosure during morphogenesis; Arp2/3 depletion results in partial shrinking of the Ea/p apical surfaces and incomplete Ea/p cell internalization; WSP-1 activates Arp2/3 complex and their function in ventral enclosure is cell autonomous; Arp2/3 regulates some Apical Junction components in embryos and adults; Arp2/3 is required during intestinal morphogenesis for regulation of intestinal lumen width in embryos and apical F-actin accumulation during larval and adult growth. Arx-4 acts cell autonomously and its mutation causes defects in PDE axon guidance; arx-2 mutants affect PQR growth cone morphology and filopodia formation.

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Insulin-like receptor subunit beta;Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase;hypothetical protein

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Locus: CELE_Y55D5A.5

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Wormbase description: daf-2 encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that is the C. elegans insulin/IGF receptor ortholog; DAF-2 activity is required for a number of processes in C. elegans, including embryonic and larval development, formation of the developmentally arrested dauer larval stage (diapause), larval developmental timing, adult longevity, reproduction, fat storage, salt chemotaxis learning, and stress resistance, including response to high temperature, oxidative stress, and bacterial infection; DAF-2 signals through a conserved PI 3-kinase pathway to negatively regulate the activity of DAF-16, a Forkhead-related transcription factor, by inducing its phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion; in addition, DAF-2 negatively regulates the nuclear localization, and hence transcriptional activity, of SKN-1 in intestinal nuclei; amongst the 38 predicted insulin-like molecules in C. elegans, genetic and microarray analyses suggest that at least DAF-28, INS-1, and INS-7 are likely DAF-2 ligands; genetic mosaic and tissue-specific promoter studies indicate that daf-2 can function cell nonautonomously and within multiple cell types to influence dauer formation and adult lifespan, likely by regulating the production of secondary endocrine signals that coordinate growth and longevity throughout the animal; temporal analysis of daf-2 function indicates that daf-2 regulates lifespan, reproduction, and diapause independently, at distinct times during the animal's life cycle.

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