daf-2;vrk-1

Insulin-like receptor subunit beta;Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase;hypothetical protein

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Locus: CELE_Y55D5A.5

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Wormbase description: daf-2 encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that is the C. elegans insulin/IGF receptor ortholog; DAF-2 activity is required for a number of processes in C. elegans, including embryonic and larval development, formation of the developmentally arrested dauer larval stage (diapause), larval developmental timing, adult longevity, reproduction, fat storage, salt chemotaxis learning, and stress resistance, including response to high temperature, oxidative stress, and bacterial infection; DAF-2 signals through a conserved PI 3-kinase pathway to negatively regulate the activity of DAF-16, a Forkhead-related transcription factor, by inducing its phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion; in addition, DAF-2 negatively regulates the nuclear localization, and hence transcriptional activity, of SKN-1 in intestinal nuclei; amongst the 38 predicted insulin-like molecules in C. elegans, genetic and microarray analyses suggest that at least DAF-28, INS-1, and INS-7 are likely DAF-2 ligands; genetic mosaic and tissue-specific promoter studies indicate that daf-2 can function cell nonautonomously and within multiple cell types to influence dauer formation and adult lifespan, likely by regulating the production of secondary endocrine signals that coordinate growth and longevity throughout the animal; temporal analysis of daf-2 function indicates that daf-2 regulates lifespan, reproduction, and diapause independently, at distinct times during the animal's life cycle.

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Serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1

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Locus: CELE_F28B12.3

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Wormbase description: vrk-1 encodes the ortholog of the vaccinia-related protein kinases in metazoans; vrk-1 is required for normal mitosis, proper nuclear envelope formation and regulates the association of the LEM domain protein BAF-1/Barrier-to-autointegration factor (and possibly other LEM domain proteins) with chromatin via BAF-1 phosphorylation; vrk-1 is required for germ cell proliferation and acts in part through regulation of CEP-1/p53; vrk-1 is also required for development of the egg-laying system including several processes like formation of the vulva, the specification and proliferation of uterine cells and sex myoblasts, and anchor cell invasion of the basement membrane between the vulva and somatic gonad; VRK-1 is expressed in neurons, hypodermal cells and vulval cells, and localizes to the nuclear envelope and chromatin in a cell-cylce dependent manner.

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